Influencia de la Morfología Externa de la Raíz de Primeros Premolares Superiores en la Sobreestimación del Espesor Radiográfico Radicular Durante la Preparación para Poste, Evaluados Mediante Tomografía Computarizada Cone Beam / Influence of the External Morphology of the Root of Upper First Premolars on the Overestimation of Radiographic Root Thickness During Post Preparation, Evaluated by Cone Beam Computed Tomography

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de la morfología externa de la raíz de primeros premolares superiores en la existencia de sobreestimación radiográfica durante la preparación para poste. Con este fin se realizó un estudio transversal in vitro, donde 60 premolares superiores uniradiculares fueron instrumentadas con fresas Gates Glidden y Pesso de calibre 1, 2 y 3. Seguidamente se obtuvieron imágenes radiográficas digitales de cada pieza dentaria mediante un aparato posicionador a una distancia constante en sentido vestíbulo lingual, asimismo se realizaron imágenes tomográficas volumétricas de las muestras. En ambas técnicas imagenológicas se midió el espesor a mesial y distal de las piezas. La sobreestimación fue calculada mediante la diferencia de la medida tomográfica menos la radiográfica. Los resultados indicaron que en ambas paredes radiculares hubo diferencia significativa entre las medidas radiográficas y tomográficas (p<0,05), encontrándose en la pared distal diferencias altamente significativas (p<0,001); además se evidenció que la sobreestimación radiográfica fue mayor en la pared distal. El estudio concluyó que existe sobreestimación radiográfica en premolares superiores durante la preparación para poste de un 20,42 % en promedio, siendo la pared distal la estructura que presenta mayor sobreestimación.

SUMMARY: he investigation´s objective was to determine the influence of external morphology of the root of upper first premolars in the existence of radiographic overestimation during preparation for post. An in vitro cross-sectional study was carried out, where 60 single-rooted upper premolars were instrumented with burs. Gates Glidden and Pesso of caliber 1, 2 and 3, then, digital radiographic images of each dental piece were obtained by means of a positioning device at a constant distance in the buccolingual direction; volumetric tomographic images of the samples were also performed. In both imaging techniques, the mesial and distal thickness of the pieces was measured. The overestimation was calculated by the difference of the tomographic measurement minus the radiographic one. The results indicated that in both root walls there was a significant difference between the radiographic and tomographic measurements (p<0.05), with highly significant differences being found in the distal wall (p<0.001); In addition, it was evidenced that the radiographic overestimation was greater in the distal wall. The study concluded that there is radiographic overestimation in upper premolars during post preparation of 20.42% on average, with the distal wall being the structure that presents the greatest overestimation.

Comparación entre edad cronológica y dental en niños de dos localidades peruanas de diferente altitud / Comparison between chronological and dental age in children from two peruvian locations at different altitude

RESUMEN Introducción: El nivel de maduración dental como indicador del nivel de maduración general de acuerdo con el método de Demirjian, puede ser afectado por la altitud geográfica. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de las edades cronológica y dental según el método Demirjian en niños de dos localidades peruanas con diferente altitud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo de corte transversal, que tuvo como muestra a 179 radiografías panorámicas de niños peruanos entre 6 y 12 años: 109 radiografías de niños de la ciudad de Lima y 70 radiografías de niños de la ciudad de Huancayo. Se determinó la edad dental según el método de Demirjian, luego se relacionó con la edad cronológica en cada paciente de las dos localidades; posteriormente se comparó las diferencias de las edades en las dos ciudades. Resultados: Se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad dental y la cronológica en ambos sexos de pacientes de la ciudad de Lima (p< 0,001); mientras que solo se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad dental y la edad cronológica en el sexo masculino en la ciudad de Huancayo (p< 0,001 para el sexo masculino y p= 0,740 para el femenino). La comparación de las diferencias entre edad cronológica y edad dental de los pacientes de las dos ciudades es no estadísticamente significativa (U de Mann-Whitney, p= 0,057). Conclusiones: No se encontró correlación significativa entre las edades dentales y cronológicas en el sexo femenino de los pacientes habitantes a mayor altitud y al comparar las diferencias, entre la edad cronológica y la edad dental según el método Demirjian, en los habitantes de las localidades peruanas no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The degree of dental maturation as an indicator of the degree of general maturation, according to Demirjian's method, may be affected by geographic altitude. Aim: To determine the relationship between chronological age and dental age according to Demirjian's method in children from two Peruvian locations at different altitudes. Methods: An observational, analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 179 panoramic radiographs of Peruvian children aged 6 to 12 years. Group A: 109 radiographs of children from Lima City; Group B: 70 radiographs of children from Huancayo City. Dental age was determined according to Demirjian's method and related to chronological age for each patient from each location, and the differences were compared for ages in both cities. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between dental and chronological age for both sexes in patients from Lima City (p< 0.001), but only for male patients from Huancayo City (p< 0.001 for males and p= 0.740 for females). The differences between chronological age and dental age were not statistically significant in patients from either city (Mann-Whitney U test, p= 0.057). Conclusions: No significant correlation was found between dental age and chronological age in female patients living at higher altitude, and no statistically significant difference was found between chronological age and dental age according to Demirjian's method for children living in either city(AU)

Flora bacteriana después del lavado de manos quirúrgico. Estudio piloto / Bacterial flora after surgical hand scrubbing. A pilot study

RESUMEN Introducción: La técnica de lavado de manos quirúrgico es imprescindible para la prevención de las infecciones posoperatorias en el sitio de la intervención, lo que constituye un problema actual y en evolución. Objetivo: Determinar la técnica de lavado de manos quirúrgico con mayor eficacia sobre la flora bacteriana en estudiantes de cirugía. Métodos: Ensayo controlado, aleatorio, de tratamientos no farmacológicos. Se seleccionaron 12 estudiantes de cirugía de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los estudiantes se dividieron en dos grupos y se les asignó una técnica de lavado de manos quirúrgico: Grupo A: técnica de una fase, y Grupo B: técnica tradicional (tres fases); para ambas técnicas se utilizó escobilla y jabón en barra. Resultados: En el medio de cultivo agar manitol salado, la técnica tradicional presentó una mediana de 52 000 UFC/mL con un mínimo de 10 000 UFC/mL y un máximo de 56 800 UFC/mL, en comparación con la técnica de una fase que presentó 19 600 UFC/mL con un mínimo de 4 400 UFC/mL y un máximo de 38 000 UFC/mL, con un valor de p= 0,117. En el agar MacConkey, la técnica tradicional presentó una mediana de 300 UFC/mL con un mínimo de 0 UFC/mL y un máximo de 18 000 UFC/mL, en comparación con la técnica de una fase que presentó 0 UFC/mL, con un valor de p= 0,054. Conclusiones: No se mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ambos grupos(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Surgical hand scrubbing is indispensable to prevent postoperative infection at the intervention site, a problem both current and in progress. Objective: Determine the most effective surgical hand scrubbing technique against bacterial flora among surgery students. Methods: A controlled randomized study was conducted of non-pharmacological treatments. Twelve surgery students were selected from the School of Dentistry at the University of San Martín de Porres who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The students were divided into two groups and assigned one of two surgical hand scrubbing techniques: Group A: one-step technique and Group B: traditional technique (three steps). Both techniques used bar soap and a brush. Results: In the culture medium mannitol salt agar, the traditional technique obtained a median of 52 000 CFU/mL, with a minimum 10 000 CFU/mL and a maximum 56 800 CFU/mL, whereas the one-step technique obtained a median of 19 600 CFU/mL, with a minimum of 4 400 CFU/mL and a maximum of 38 000 CFU/mL (p= 0.117). In MacConkey agar, the traditional technique obtained a median of 300 UFC/mL, with a minimum of 0 CFU/mL and a maximum of 18 000 CFU/mL, whereas the one-step technique obtained 0 UFC/mL (p= 0.054). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were found in the groups(AU)

Use of virtual reality as a learning environment in dentistry.

Second Life (SL) is an online virtual world with a social environment that may serve as a valuable learning supplement to traditional preclinical teaching methods. The educational advantages of this virtual world include immersion and interactivity. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using 3-dimensional interactive platforms (3DIPs) designed in SL to that of traditional teaching methods for developing students' understanding of dental clinical situations that are difficult to simulate in real life. For this study, 3DIPs were developed to compare the acquisition of 3 learning objectives: understanding concepts, procedural aspects of interaction with the patient, and spatial interpretation of anatomical structure interactions. A representative dental topic, the use of a semiadjustable articulator, was selected. A quasi-experimental design with 2 groups and pretest-posttest comparison was used. The students in the control group received the conventional teaching established for the subject, which does not include SL experiences. The students in the experimental group received conventional instruction and had access to all 3DIPs for 4 weeks without limitation. The pretest and posttest consisted of a multiple-choice test with 20 questions. A Student t test was used to compare the test results of the groups (significance level α = 0.05). The posttest scores for the understanding of concepts and spatial interpretation were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in posttest scores on the topic of procedural aspects. Students who used cooperative methods for acquisition of knowledge were observed to be highly motivated. The results suggest that the SL environment helps students to understand anatomical interactions that are difficult to observe in real life, is attractive to students, and contains tools with high didactic potential.

Association Between Self-Perceived Oral Health and Clinical Indicators.

PURPOSE: To determine whether self-perceived oral health impact and satisfaction measure oral health in the same way as do clinical indicators in adults and older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population consisted of adult patients aged 20 to 59 years receiving care at "Juan Pablo II" Health Care Centre and older adult patients aged 60 or more years from the home for the elderly "Virgen del Amor Hermoso", Lima, Peru. The indices Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) and Oral Satisfaction Scale of 0-10 (OSS 0-10) were used to evaluate perceived impact of and satisfaction with oral health. In addition, the following internationally validated criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO) were used as clinical indicators: Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index, O'Leary's Hygiene Index, Community Periodontal Index, Motivation to Hygiene Index, Denture Situation Index, Need for Denture Index, Denture Hygiene Index and Oral Mucosal Lesion Index. RESULTS: Forty-four adults and 53 older adults participated. OIDP showed that the greatest perceived difficulty in daily performance was "eating and enjoying food" (adults: 77.3% and older adults: 79.2%). The OSS 0-10 showed that among adults, 43.1% were dissatisfied, 20.5% were neutral and 36.4% were satisfied, while among older adults, 45.3% were dissatisfied, 22.6% were neutral and 32.1% were satisfied. A statistically significant association was found between OSS 0-10 and 1. DMFT index in adults; 2. upper denture situation in older adults; and 3. denture hygiene in older adults. A highly significant inverse linear correlation was found between OIDP and OSS 0-10 in adults and older adults. CONCLUSION: The perceived impact of oral health does not have a demonstrable association with oral health problems when used as an instrument for measuring oral health status, whereas perceived satisfaction with oral health has a better association with the clinical indicators.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. A retrospective study of 51 cases and review of the literature.

The aim of this study is to present the casuistic of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands in patients diagnosed at "Dr. Eduardo Cáceres Graziani" National Institute for Neoplastic Diseases, Lima, Perú. From January 2002 to December 2012, 51 cases were diagnosed as mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The number of female patients was higher, with 28 cases (54.9%), and regarding age distribution, 33.3% of the patients were under 30 years old. Pain was one of the main symptoms, and 74.5% of the mucoepidermoid carcinomas were located in the parotid gland. It is concluded that epidemiology regarding age and gender of the 51 cases analyzed was in the same range as other studies, and that most cases were located in major salivary glands, in agreement with reports on other populations. Other characte ristics showed a homogeneous distribution.

El propósito de este estudio es presentar la casuística del carcinoma mucoepidermoide de glándulas salivales de pacientes diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas "Dr. Eduardo Cáceres Graziani" Lima, Perú, desde el 2002 hasta el 2012. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo en el cual fueron incluidos sujetos con diagnóstico primario de carcinoma mucoepidermoide en glándulas salivales. Entre enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2012, se registraron 51 casos. El número de pacientes de sexo femenino fue mayor, con 28 casos (54,9%) y con respecto a la distribución por edades, el 33,3% de los pacientes eran menores de 30 años de edad. El dolor fue uno de los síntomas principales. El 74,5% de los carcinomas mucoepidermoides se localizaron en la glándula parótida. De los hallazgos obtenidos se concluye principalmente que en lo que respecta a la distribución epidemiológica de edad y género de los 51 casos analizados estas variaron en el mismo rango de otros estudios. También se distingue que el mayor número de casos estuvieron localizados en glándulas salivales mayores, dato en concordancia con otras poblaciones reporta das. Las demás características presentaron una distribución homogénea.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands: a retrospective study of 51 cases and review of the literature / Carcinoma mucoepidermoide de glándulas salivales. estudio retrospectivo de 51 casos y revisión de la literatura

The aim of this study is to present the casuistic of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands in patients diagnosed at “Dr. Eduardo Cáceres Graziani” National Institute for Neoplastic Diseases, Lima, Perú. From January 2002 to December 2012, 51 cases were diagnosed as mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The number of female patients was higher, with 28 cases (54.9%), and regarding age distribution, 33.3% of the patients were under 30 years old. Pain was one of the main symptoms, and 74.5% of the mucoepidermoid carcinomas were located in the parotid gland. It is concluded that epidemiology regarding age and gender of the 51 cases analyzed was in the same range as other studies, and that most cases were located in major salivary glands, in agreement with reports on other populations. Other characte ristics showed a homogeneous distribution.

El propósito de este estudio es presentar la casuística del carcinoma mucoepidermoide de glándulas salivales de pacientes diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas “Dr. Eduardo Cáceres Graziani” Lima, Perú, desde el 2002 hasta el 2012. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo en el cual fueron incluidos sujetos con diagnóstico primario de carcinoma mucoepidermoide en glándulas salivales. Entre enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2012, se registraron 51 casos. El número de pacientes de sexo femenino fue mayor, con 28 casos (54,9%) y con respecto a la distribución por edades, el 33,3% de los pacientes eran menores de 30 años de edad. El dolor fue uno de los síntomas principales. El 74,5% de los carcinomas mucoepidermoides se localizaron en la glándula parótida. De los hallazgos obtenidos se concluye principalmente que en lo que respecta a la distribución epidemiológica de edad y género de los 51 casos analizados estas variaron en el mismo rango de otros estudios. También se distingue que el mayor número de casos estuvieron localizados en glándulas salivales mayores, dato en concordancia con otras poblaciones reporta das. Las demás características presentaron una distribución homogénea.

Survival in patients with oral and maxillofacial diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

The purpose of this study was to determine the survival and prognostic factors of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region. Retrospectively, the clinical records of patients with a primary diagnosis of DLBCL of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region treated at the A.C. Camargo Hospital for Cancer, São Paulo, Brazil, between January 1980 and December 2005 were evaluated to determine (A) overall survival (OS) at 2 and 5 years and the individual survival percentage for each possible prognostic factor by means of the actuarial technique (also known as mortality tables), and the Kaplan Meier product limit method (which provided the survival value curves for each possible prognostic factor); (B) prognostic factors subject to univariate evaluation with the log-rank test (also known as Mantel-Cox), and multivariate analysis with Cox's regression model (all the variables together). The data were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. From 1980 to 2005, 3513 new cases of lymphomas were treated, of which 151 (4.3%) occurred in the oral cavity and maxillofacial region. Of these 151 lesions, 48 were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with 64% for OS at 2 years and 45% for OS at 5 years. Of the variables studied as possible prognostic factors, multivariate analysis found the following variables have statistically significant values: age (p = 0.042), clinical stage (p = 0.007) and performance status (p = 0.031). These data suggest that patients have a higher risk of mortality if they are older, at a later clinical stage, and have a higher performance status.

Malignant lymphoma of the oral cavity and the maxillofacial region: Overall survival prognostic factors

Objective: To identify the overall survival and prognostic factors of malignant lymphoma of the oral cavity and the maxillofacial region. Study Design: Clinical records data were obtained in order to determine overall survival at 2 and 5 years, the individual survival percentage of each possible prognostic factor with the actuarial technique, and the survival regarding the possible prognostic factors with the actuarial technique and the Log-rank and Cox's regression tests. Results: Of 151 subjects, an overall survival was 60% at 2 years, and 45% at 5 years. The multivariate analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences for clinical stage (p=0.002), extranodal involvement (p=0.030), presence of human immunodeficiency virus (p=0.032), and presence of Epstein-Barr virus (p=0.010). Conclusion: The advanced clinical stage and the larger number of involved extranodular sites are related to a lower overall survival, as well as, the presence of previous infections such as the human immunodeficiency and the Epstein-Barr virus (AU)

Malignant lymphoma of the oral cavity and the maxillofacial region: overall survival prognostic factors.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the overall survival and prognostic factors of malignant lymphoma of the oral cavity and the maxillofacial region. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical records data were obtained in order to determine overall survival at 2 and 5 years, the individual survival percentage of each possible prognostic factor with the actuarial technique, and the survival regarding the possible prognostic factors with the actuarial technique and the Log-rank and Cox's regression tests. RESULTS: Of 151 subjects, an overall survival was 60% at 2 years, and 45% at 5 years. The multivariate analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences for clinical stage (p=0.002), extranodal involvement (p=0.030), presence of human immunodeficiency virus (p=0.032), and presence of Epstein-Barr virus (p=0.010). CONCLUSION: The advanced clinical stage and the larger number of involved extranodular sites are related to a lower overall survival, as well as, the presence of previous infections such as the human immunodeficiency and the Epstein-Barr virus.

Survival in patients with oral and maxillofacial diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The purpose of this study was to determine the survival and prognostic factors of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region. Retrospectively, the clinical records of patients with a primary diagnosis of DLBCL of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region treated at the A.C. Camargo Hospital for Cancer, São Paulo, Brazil, between January 1980 and December 2005 were evaluated to determine (A) overall survival (OS) at 2 and 5 years and the individual survival percentage for each possible prognostic factor by means of the actuarial technique (also known as mortality tables), and the Kaplan Meier product limit method (which provided the survival value curves for each possible prognostic factor); (B) prognostic factors subject to univariate evaluation with the log-rank test (also known as Mantel-Cox), and multivariate analysis with Cox's regression model (all the variables together). The data were considered significant at p≤0.05. From 1980 to 2005, 3513 new cases of lymphomas were treated, of which 151 (4.3%) occurred in the oral cavity and maxillofacial region. Of these 151 lesions, 48 were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with 64% for OS at 2 years and 45% for OS at 5 years. Of the variables studied as possible prognostic factors, multivariate analysis found the following variables have statistically significant values: age (p=0.042), clinical stage (p=0.007) and performance status (p=0.031). These data suggest that patients have a higher risk of mortality if they are older, at a later clinical stage, and have a higher performance status.

Biocompatibilidad del cianoacrilato de butilo en suturas en piel en comparación con las suturas convencionales / Biocompatibility of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate compared to conventional skin sutures in skin wounds

Introducción: El cianoacrilato de butilo es un material de síntesis de tejidos, presenta innumerables ventajas como un tiempo de aplicación corto, fácil ejecución, carácter hemostático, bacteriostático, biodegradable y una adecuada fuerza tensil. Objetivo: Evaluar histológicamente la biocompatibilidad del cianoacrilato de butilo en el lomo de rata en comparación con la seda negra trenzada y la poliglactina 910. Materiales y métodos: Se emplearon 36 ratas albinas de raza Wixtar. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en 4 grupos (A, B, C y D) correlacionados con los periodos de sacrificio (3°, 7°, 14° y 21° día) respectivamente. Se realizaron 3 incisiones de 2 cm de longitud en el lomo de rata. Los parámetros histológicos fueron: infiltrado inflamatorio de células polimorfonucleares, fibroblastos jóvenes y engrosamiento de la epidermis. Resultados: El cianoacrilato de butilo ocasionó menor infiltrado polimorfonuclear en comparación con los otros materiales utilizados. Los picos de proliferación fibroblástica en los grupos tratados con cianoacrilato de butilo fueron superiores al resto. El engrosamiento de la epidermis mostró la alta capacidad mitótica de los queratinocitos para remodelar el epitelio. Al 14° y 21° día, la mayoría de los tejidos tratados con cianoacrilato de butilo ya se encontraban totalmente remodelados en comparación con el resto. Conclusiones: El cianoacrilato de butilo es un material biocompatible con los tejidos, permitiendo disminuir el tiempo de cicatrización de los mismos.

Introduction: N-Butyl-cyanoacrylate is a tissue-synthesis material. It offers countless advantages: short application time, easy execution, as well as possessing hemostatic character. This material is bacteriostatic, biodegradable, and exhibits suitable tensile strength. Objective: The objective of the present paper was the histological evaluation of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate biocompatibility on rats dorsum (spine), compared to braided black silk and Polyglactin 910. Materials and Methods: Thirty six Wixtar albino rats were used for the procedure. They were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, D) related to the time of sacrifice (3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day) respectively. On the rats' spine, three 2 cm long incisions were performed. Histological parameters were as follows: polymorphonuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate, young fibroblasts and epidermis thickening. Results: N-butyl-cyanoacrylate caused lesser polymorphonuclear infiltrate when compared to other used materials. Fibroblast proliferation peaked in groups treated with n-butyl-cyanoacrylate when compared to the rest. Epidermis thickening showed high mitotic ability of keratocytes to remodel epithelium. At the 14th and 21st days most tissues treated with N-Butyl-cyanoacrylate were found to be completely remodeled when compared to the rest. Conclusion: N-butyl-cyanoacrylate was shown to be the most biocompatible material, since it elicited shortest healing time.

Prevalencia de facetas de desgaste / Prevalence of eroding facets

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de facetas de desgaste. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, en los pacientes usuarios de la Clínica Especializada de la Universidad San Martín de Porres, durante los meses de abril a junio del 2012. La muestra estuvo constituida por 245 pacientes, en los que se realizó un examen odontológico y un cuestionario para evaluar los siguientes factores: edad del paciente, genero, ocupación, cantidad de piezas dentarias con facetas de desgaste, factores predisponentes a la aparición de facetas de desgaste. Resultados. Los valores obtenidos muestran que el 77.55% de los pacientes presentaron facetas de desgaste, sin diferencia entre el sexo masculino y femenino. El grupo de edad más afectada estuvo constituido por pacientes entre 18-33 años (34.74%) seguido por el grupo de 34-49 años (31.05%). La pieza dental más afectada fueron los Incisivos (43.26%), seguido de los caninos (28.11%), los cuales presentaron también mayor sensibilidad táctil y al chorro de aire. El cepillado vigoroso el único factor predisponente en el que se encontró significancia.

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of eroding facets. Material and Methods. A descriptive and cross study was made in patients of the Clinica Especializada of the San Martin de Porres University, during the months of April to June 2012. The sample consisted of 245 patients, to whom was conducted a dental examination and a questionnaire was given to evaluate the following factors: patient age, gender, occupation, number of teeth with eroding facets, factor spredisposing to the appearance of eroding surfaces. Results. The values obtained show that 77.55% of patients had eroding facets, with no difference between males and females. The most affected age group was patients from 18 to 33 years old (34.74%) followed by the group from 34 to49 years old(31.05%). The teeth most affected were the incisors (43.26%), followed by the canines (28.11%), which also showed increased sensitivity to touch and air blast. Vigorous brushing was the single predisposing factor of significance that was found.

Extirpación de canino retenido y estabilización dental mediante implantes endodónticos / Canin retaineds extirpation and dental stabilization with endodontic implants

El artículo reporta la extirpación de un canino retenido que originaba la reabsorción radicular de piezas dentarias antero superiores. El tratamiento fue realizado en el Centro Quirúrgico de la Clínica Especializada en Odontología de la Universidad San Martín de Porres, y consistió en la preparación biomecánica de los conductos radiculares de los dientes afectados, la remoción del canino retenido y la colocación de implantes trans endodónticos,obteniéndose un resultado funcional satisfactorio.

This report presents canin retaineds extirpation because it has caused radicular reabsortion on antero superior teeth and dental stabilization with endodontic implants. This procedure was performed in the Clinically Quirrgico Center of Specialized Dentistry, University of San Martín de Porres. The treatment consists of the root canal treatment of affected pieces, the removal of retained canin, and the transendodontic fixation. The case was resolved with acceptable functional results.

Extirpación de Torus Palatino por pensamiento dismórfico / Removing Torus Palatinus by thought dysmorphic

El artículo presenta un caso de extirpación de Torus palatino por pensamiento dismórfico, con la respectiva solución para el tumor benigno de origen óseo y del problema de dismorfia selectiva. La paciente no requería la cirugía por no tener fundamento clínico desde el punto de vista protésico, ni presentar cuadro inflamatorio de tejidos blandos adyacentes, ni interferencia con el habla. La intervención quirúrgica se justificó por el sentimiento de la paciente al mencionar su incomodidad, preocupación y ansiedad de observarse en el espejo una protuberancia en su paladar, la cual la llevaba a un estado de dismorfofobia dando como resultado autoexclusión social y la no aceptación personal. El tratamiento fue realizado en el Centro Quirúrgico de la Clínica Especializada en Odontología de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres. La paciente presentó una evolución sin complicaciones y se observó una respuesta favorable de los tejidos blandos y duros, cuyo interés queda para el análisis y estadística de este tipo de patologías.

This article described a case of removal of Torus palatinus by thought dysmorphic, with the respective solution for benign tumor of origin bone and the problem of selective dysmorphia. The patient did not require surgery because they have no clinical basis from the point of prosthetic sight, without presenting inflammation of soft tissue adjacent or interference with speech. The surgery was justified by the sense of the patient to mention his discomfort, worry and anxiety seen in the mirror a lump in his palate, which led to a state of Body Dysmorphic Disorder opt resulting in social and non-acceptance. Treatment was conducted at the Centre for Surgical Clinic Specializing in Dentistry at the University of San Martín de Porres, with an evolutiont without complications and favourable response from the hard and soft tissues, whose interest is for analysis and statistics of this sort of pathologies.

Extirpación de granuloma periapical, tratamiento de conductos y apicectomía en un solo acto quirúrgico / Periapical granulomas removal, treatment of conduits and apicoectomy in one surgical act

Se realizó la extirpación de un granuloma periapical, junto con el tratamiento de los conductos de las piezas afectadas y apicectomía de las mismas para su conservación en la Clínica Especializada en Odontología de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres. El paciente presentó una protuberancia en el paladar, por lo que se le solicitó pruebas radiográficas. Se optó por realizar los tres procedimientos quirúrgicos en una sola cita, Previamente se confeccionó una placa de contención acrílica para el paladar, la que contuvo los tejidos blandos en su correcta posición al finalizar la operación. Posteriormente, procedimos a rellenar la cavidad con hueso liofilizado y a la sutura y colocación de la placa acrílica en el paladar, unida a las piezas dentales no tratadas mediante ligaduras metálicas.

We performed the removal of a periapical granuloma with the treatment of ducts and apicoectomy of the affected pieces in the Dental Clinic at the University of Saint Martin de Porres. The patient had a protuberance on the palate and so radiographical evidence was necessary. We decided to do the three surgical procedures in one appointment. Previously, a acrylic retained the soft tissues on its correct position after the operation. Subsequently, we proceeded to fill the cavity with lyophilized bone and to the suture and placement of the acrylic plate on the palate, coupled to the non treated teeth with metal ligatures.

Osteotomía segmentaria / Segmentary osteotomy

El presente artículo desarrolla un caso clínico en el que se realiza una osteotomía segmentaria en el centro quirúrgico de la Clínica Especializada en Odontología de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres. La paciente ingresa a la clínica requiriendo tratamiento protésico, pero debido al insuficiente espacio por la extrusión de piezas sin antagonista, es derivada al centro quirúrgico de la clínica para evaluarla. La paciente es programada para una osteotomía segmentaria bilateral posterior. Se toman modelos de estudio donde se realizan los cortes y nueva posiciones de los segmentos de manera tentativa; posteriormente se confecciona la placa palatina que servirá para fijar la nueva posición. El acto quirúrgico propiamente dicho comienza con la incisión y levantamiento del colgajo para la visualización de las zonas donde se va a realizar la osteotomía. Con instrumentales especiales separamos el segmento y lo reposicionamos manualmente hasta lograr una ubicación adecuada. Siguiendo la misma secuencia, continúa el segundo cuadrante. Se prueba la placa previamente confeccionada, la que nos da referencia de la posición final. Se suturan los tejidos blandos, y la placa palatina es fijada mediante ligaduras de alambre a las piezas adyacentes. Se realiza el seguimiento postoperatorio del paciente, y pasado un tiempo prudencial de aproximadamente seis meses, se puede comenzar con el tratamiento protésico.

The present article develops a clinical case in which a segmental osteotomy is realized in the surgical center of the Specialized Clinic in Odontology of the University of San Martín de Porres. The patients enters to the clinic needing protestic treatment, but due to the insufficient space for the extrusion of pieces without antagonist, is derived to the surgical center of the clinic to be evaluated. The patient is programmed for a segmental bilateral posterior osteotomy. Models os study are taken where the cuts are done and new positions of the segments are fixed in a tentative way. Laterly the palatine plate is made, it will serve to fix the new position. The surgical act in strict sense begins with the incision and raising of the hanging tatter for the visualization of the zones where the osteotomy will be realized. With special sets of instruments we separate the segment and re-position it manually up to achieve a suitable location. Following the same sequence, continues the second quadrant. The plate, previously completed, is proved, which gives us a reference of the final position. The soft tissues are sutured, and the palatine plate is fixed by means of wire ligatures to the adjacent pieces. The patient's postoperative is monitored, and after a prudential time of approximately 6 months, it is possible to begin with the protesic treatment.

Granuloma central de células gigantes / Central giant cell granuloma

Este artículo presenta el caso de una paciente que acudió a la Clínica Especializada en Odontología de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres. La paciente requería la exodoncia de las terceras molares inferiores. Mediante el examen radiológico se observó una imagen radiolúcida con bordes definidos a nivel apical de las piezas 4.7 y 4.8. El diagnóstico presuntivo planteado fue granuloma central de células gigantes. La presentación de esta lesión es muy rara y puede ser de crecimiento progresivo y destructivo. Este reporte de caso describe el tratamiento de esta lesión mediante escisión quirúrgica con exodoncias de las piezas dentarias afectadas y colocación de injerto óseo. El diagnóstico fue confirmado con el examen histológico de la muestra extirpada.

This article presents a case of a patient treated in the Clinic Specializing in Dentistry at San Martín de Porres University. The patient needed the extraction of third low molars. By means of radiological examination, radiolucency area with edges defined to apical level of teeth 4.7 and 4.8 was observed. The presumptive diagnosis was central giant cell granuloma. The presentation of this lesion is very rare and can be of progressive and destructive growth. This report of case described the treatment of this lesion by means of surgical excision with affected teeth extractions and placement of bone grafts. The diagnosis was confirmed by the histological examination of the extirpated sample.